1. What is Capacitors in Series Calculation?

Definition: This calculator determines the total capacitance when capacitors are connected in series.

Purpose: It helps electronics engineers, students, and hobbyists calculate equivalent capacitance in series circuits.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( C_{total} \) — Total equivalent capacitance (farads)
• \( C_1, C_2, C_3 \) — Individual capacitor values (farads)

Explanation: The reciprocal of the total capacitance equals the sum of reciprocals of individual capacitances.

3. Characteristics of Series Capacitors

Details: In series connections:

• Total capacitance is always less than the smallest individual capacitor
• The same charge appears on each capacitor
• Voltage divides across the capacitors

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter at least two capacitor values in farads. You can add a third optional capacitor. All values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why does total capacitance decrease in series?
A: The effective plate separation increases, reducing overall capacitance.

Q2: What units should I use?
A: Farads (F), but you can enter values in µF (×10⁻⁶) or nF (×10⁻⁹) and mentally adjust the result.

Q3: How does this compare to parallel capacitors?
A: Parallel capacitors simply add together (C_total = C1 + C2 + ...).

Q4: What if I have more than three capacitors?
A: Calculate the first three, then use the result as C1 with additional capacitors.

Q5: Does order matter in series connections?
A: No, the order of capacitors in series doesn't affect the total capacitance.