1. What is DC Voltage Drop Calculation?

Definition: This calculator determines the voltage loss in a DC circuit due to conductor resistance.

Purpose: It helps electrical engineers and technicians ensure proper voltage levels in DC power systems.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( VD \) — Voltage drop (volts)
• \( \rho \) — Resistivity of conductor material (ohm-m)
• \( L \) — Length of conductor (meters)
• \( I \) — Current flowing through conductor (amps)
• \( A \) — Cross-sectional area of conductor (m²)

Explanation: The formula calculates voltage drop by considering conductor material properties, length, current, and wire size.

3. Importance of Voltage Drop Calculation

Details: Proper voltage drop calculation ensures equipment receives adequate voltage and prevents power loss in electrical systems.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter conductor resistivity (default 1.68×10⁻⁸ ohm-m for copper), length in meters, current in amps, and cross-sectional area in m². All values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why is there a factor of 2 in the formula?
A: The factor accounts for the round-trip path of current (both positive and negative conductors).

Q2: What's the typical resistivity for copper?
A: Copper has ρ ≈ 1.68×10⁻⁸ ohm-m at 20°C. For aluminum, use 2.65×10⁻⁸ ohm-m.

Q3: How does temperature affect the calculation?
A: Higher temperatures increase resistivity. For precise calculations, adjust ρ based on operating temperature.

Q4: What's an acceptable voltage drop?
A: Generally, voltage drop should be less than 3% for power circuits and 5% for lighting.

Q5: How do I convert wire gauge to cross-sectional area?
A: Use AWG tables or our Wire Gauge Calculator tool to find area in m².