1. What is CSG Voltage Drop?

Definition: This calculator estimates the voltage drop in a conductor using the CSG (Circular Solid Geometry) formula.

Purpose: It helps electrical engineers and technicians determine the voltage loss in wires due to resistance.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( VD \) — Voltage drop (volts)
• \( \rho \) — Resistivity of conductor material (ohm-m)
• \( L \) — Length of conductor (meters)
• \( I \) — Current flowing through conductor (amps)
• \( A \) — Cross-sectional area of conductor (m²)

Explanation: The formula accounts for the round-trip distance (hence 2×) and the inherent resistance of the conductor material.

3. Importance of Voltage Drop Calculation

Details: Proper voltage drop estimation ensures electrical systems operate efficiently and devices receive adequate voltage.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the conductor resistivity (default 1.68×10⁻⁸ ohm-m for copper), length, current, and cross-sectional area. All values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why multiply by 2 in the formula?
A: The factor of 2 accounts for the round-trip path of current (out to load and back to source).

Q2: What's a typical resistivity value for copper?
A: Copper has ρ ≈ 1.68×10⁻⁸ ohm-m at 20°C. For aluminum, use 2.65×10⁻⁸ ohm-m.

Q3: How does temperature affect the calculation?
A: Resistivity increases with temperature. For precise calculations, use ρ values at operating temperature.

Q4: What's an acceptable voltage drop?
A: Typically 3% for branch circuits, 5% for feeders, but check local electrical codes.

Q5: How do I convert wire gauge to cross-sectional area?
A: Use AWG tables or our Wire Gauge Calculator tool for conversions.