1. What is Actual Volt Drop Calculation?

Definition: This calculator determines the voltage drop in an electrical circuit based on conductor properties and current flow.

Purpose: It helps electrical engineers and technicians ensure proper voltage levels throughout a circuit.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( VD \) — Voltage drop (volts)
• \( \rho \) — Resistivity of conductor material (ohm-m)
• \( L \) — Length of conductor (meters)
• \( I \) — Current flowing through conductor (amps)
• \( A \) — Cross-sectional area of conductor (m²)

Explanation: The formula calculates the voltage drop in a two-wire circuit (hence the factor of 2) based on conductor properties and current.

3. Importance of Volt Drop Calculation

Details: Proper voltage drop calculation ensures electrical devices receive adequate voltage for proper operation and prevents excessive power loss.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the conductor resistivity (default 1.68×10⁻⁸ ohm-m for copper), length in meters, current in amps, and cross-sectional area in m². All values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why is there a factor of 2 in the formula?
A: The factor of 2 accounts for the two conductors (out and back) in a typical circuit.

Q2: What's a typical resistivity value for copper?
A: Copper has a resistivity of about 1.68×10⁻⁸ ohm-m at 20°C.

Q3: How does temperature affect the calculation?
A: Resistivity increases with temperature. For precise calculations, use resistivity values at the actual operating temperature.

Q4: What's an acceptable voltage drop?
A: Typically 3% or less for branch circuits and 5% or less for feeders, but check local electrical codes.

Q5: How do I convert wire gauge to cross-sectional area?
A: Use standard wire gauge tables or our Wire Gauge Calculator tool.