1. What is a PCB Spacing Calculator?

Definition: This calculator determines the minimum required spacing between conductors on a printed circuit board (PCB) based on the peak voltage.

Purpose: It helps electronics designers and engineers ensure safe spacing to prevent arcing and maintain proper insulation.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( Spacing \) — Minimum required spacing between conductors (mm)
• \( V_{peak} \) — Peak voltage between conductors (volts)

Explanation: The formula provides a conservative estimate for creepage and clearance requirements based on IPC standards.

3. Importance of PCB Spacing Calculation

Details: Proper spacing prevents electrical breakdown, reduces risk of short circuits, and ensures compliance with safety standards.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the peak voltage between conductors in volts. The value must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What standards does this formula follow?
A: It's based on IPC-2221 standards for conductor spacing in typical operating environments.

Q2: When would I need more spacing?
A: For high-altitude applications, polluted environments, or higher safety requirements, additional spacing may be needed.

Q3: Does this account for AC or DC voltages?
A: The formula works for both, using peak voltage (for AC, use Vrms × √2).

Q4: What about different PCB materials?
A: The formula assumes standard FR4 material. Special materials may require adjustment.

Q5: How do I measure peak voltage?
A: Use an oscilloscope to measure the maximum voltage difference between conductors.