1. What is Resistance in Series?

Definition: In a series circuit, resistors are connected end-to-end so that there's only one path for current to flow.

Purpose: This calculator helps determine the total resistance when resistors are connected in series, which is essential for circuit design and analysis.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( R_{total} \) — Total resistance (ohms)
• \( R_1, R_2, \ldots, R_n \) — Individual resistor values (ohms)

Explanation: In series circuits, the total resistance is simply the sum of all individual resistances.

3. Characteristics of Series Circuits

Details:

• Same current flows through all resistors
• Voltage divides across each resistor
• Total resistance is always greater than any individual resistor
• Adding more resistors increases total resistance

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter at least two resistor values (required). You can add up to four resistors. All values must be positive numbers.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why does resistance add up in series?
A: The current has to pass through each resistor sequentially, encountering the opposition of each one.

Q2: What happens to current in a series circuit?
A: The current remains the same through all components in a series circuit.

Q3: How is voltage distributed in series?
A: The voltage divides proportionally to each resistor's value (V = I × R).

Q4: Can I add more than four resistors?
A: This calculator handles up to four, but in practice you can add as many as needed using the same formula.

Q5: What's the difference between series and parallel?
A: In parallel circuits, resistors share the same two nodes, creating multiple current paths, and total resistance is calculated differently.