1. What is a Solar Panels in Series Calculator?

Definition: This calculator determines the total voltage and current when connecting solar panels in series configuration.

Purpose: Helps solar installers and DIY enthusiasts properly design their solar array wiring for optimal performance.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the series connection formulas:

Where:

• \( V_{total} \) — Total system voltage (volts)
• \( V_{panel} \) — Voltage of individual panel (volts)
• \( I \) — System current (amps)
• \( I_{panel} \) — Current of individual panel (amps)

Explanation: In series connections, voltages add up while current remains the same as a single panel.

3. Importance of Series Calculations

Details: Proper series calculations ensure your solar array matches your charge controller and inverter specifications, preventing equipment damage and maximizing efficiency.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the panel voltage (V_panel), panel current (I_panel), and number of panels in series. All values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why connect panels in series?
A: Series connections increase voltage while keeping current the same, which reduces power loss in wiring and allows use of thinner cables.

Q2: What's the maximum panels I can connect in series?
A: This depends on your charge controller's maximum input voltage. Typically 3-10 panels for 12V systems.

Q3: What happens if panels in series have different specs?
A: The array will perform at the lowest panel's current rating, so always use identical panels in series.

Q4: How does shading affect series panels?
A: Shading one panel in series significantly reduces output from the entire string, more so than with parallel connections.

Q5: Can I mix different wattage panels in series?
A: Not recommended, as it will force all panels to operate at the current of the lowest-rated panel.