1. What is Tension in an Atwood Machine?

Definition: Tension is the force transmitted through the string or rope connecting two masses in an Atwood machine.

Purpose: Understanding tension helps analyze the motion of the system and design pulley systems with proper load capacities.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( T \) — Tension in the string (newtons)
• \( m_1 \) — Mass of object 1 (kilograms)
• \( m_2 \) — Mass of object 2 (kilograms)
• \( g \) — Acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s² on Earth)

Explanation: The formula calculates the force transmitted through the string when two unequal masses are connected over a frictionless pulley.

3. Importance of Tension Calculation

Details: Proper tension calculation ensures the string can handle the load and helps predict the system's acceleration.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter both masses (must be different for the system to move) and gravity (default 9.81 m/s²). All values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What if the masses are equal?
A: The system will be in equilibrium (no acceleration), and tension will equal the weight of either mass (T = m × g).

Q2: Does this formula account for pulley mass?
A: No, this assumes a massless, frictionless pulley. For massive pulleys, a more complex formula is needed.

Q3: What about friction in the system?
A: This calculator assumes no friction. In real systems, friction would increase the required tension.

Q4: How does tension relate to acceleration?
A: The net force (difference in weights) divided by total mass gives acceleration: a = g × (m₂ - m₁)/(m₁ + m₂).

Q5: Can this be used for multiple pulleys?
A: No, this is for a simple Atwood machine with one pulley. Multiple pulleys require different calculations.