1. What is a Solar Panel Series Calculator?

Definition: This calculator determines the total voltage output when solar panels are connected in series.

Purpose: It helps solar installers and DIY enthusiasts design proper solar array configurations.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( V_{total} \) — Total system voltage (volts)
• \( n \) — Number of panels in series
• \( V_{panel} \) — Voltage of each individual panel (volts)

Explanation: When panels are connected in series, their voltages add up while current remains constant.

3. Importance of Series Voltage Calculation

Details: Proper voltage calculation ensures compatibility with charge controllers, inverters, and battery banks.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the number of panels and each panel's voltage (typically 12V, 24V, or 36V for residential panels).

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What's the difference between series and parallel connections?
A: Series connections add voltages while parallel connections add currents.

Q2: What's a typical panel voltage?
A: Common voltages are 12V, 24V, or 36V, but check your panel's specifications.

Q3: How many panels can I connect in series?
A: This depends on your charge controller's maximum input voltage.

Q4: Does temperature affect the voltage?
A: Yes, voltage decreases as temperature increases (about -0.3%/°C for silicon panels).

Q5: What if my panels have different voltages?
A: Mixing different voltages in series is not recommended as it reduces efficiency.