1. What is a Voltage Drop Calculator (CEC Canada)?

Definition: This calculator estimates the voltage drop in electrical circuits according to the Canadian Electrical Code (CEC) standards.

Purpose: It helps electricians and engineers ensure proper voltage levels throughout electrical installations.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the CEC voltage drop formula:

Where:

• \( VD \) — Voltage drop (volts)
• \( \rho \) — Resistivity of conductor material (ohm-m)
• \( L \) — Length of conductor (meters)
• \( I \) — Current flow (amps)
• \( A \) — Cross-sectional area of conductor (m²)

Explanation: The formula calculates the voltage loss that occurs as current flows through a conductor due to its resistance.

3. Importance of Voltage Drop Calculation

Details: Proper voltage drop calculation ensures electrical equipment receives adequate voltage and complies with CEC requirements (typically ≤3% for feeders, ≤5% for branch circuits).

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter conductor resistivity (default 1.72×10⁻⁸ ohm-m for copper), length in meters, current in amps, and conductor area in m². All values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why is the factor 2 included in the formula?
A: The factor 2 accounts for the round-trip path of current (both "hot" and "neutral" conductors).

Q2: What's the typical resistivity value for copper?
A: 1.72×10⁻⁸ ohm-m for copper at 20°C. For aluminum, use 2.65×10⁻⁸ ohm-m.

Q3: How do I convert AWG to m²?
A: Use our AWG to mm² conversion tool or refer to CEC Table 8 for conductor properties.

Q4: What's the maximum allowed voltage drop per CEC?
A: CEC recommends ≤3% for feeders and ≤5% for branch circuits of the supply voltage.

Q5: Does temperature affect the calculation?
A: Yes, higher temperatures increase resistivity. Adjust ρ value for high-temperature applications.