1. What is a Voltage Drop Calculator per PEC Standards?

Definition: This calculator estimates the voltage drop in an electrical circuit based on conductor properties and current flow, following Philippine Electrical Code (PEC) standards.

Purpose: It helps electricians and engineers ensure proper voltage levels throughout electrical installations.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( VD \) — Voltage drop (volts)
• \( \rho \) — Resistivity of conductor material (ohm-m)
• \( L \) — Length of conductor (meters)
• \( I \) — Current flow (amps)
• \( A \) — Cross-sectional area of conductor (m²)

Explanation: The formula calculates the voltage loss due to conductor resistance over distance.

3. Importance of Voltage Drop Calculation

Details: Proper voltage drop estimation ensures electrical devices receive adequate voltage for optimal performance and safety.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the conductor resistivity (default 1.72×10⁻⁸ ohm-m for copper), length, current, and cross-sectional area. All values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why is there a factor of 2 in the formula?
A: The factor accounts for the round-trip path of current (both supply and return conductors).

Q2: What's the typical resistivity for copper?
A: Copper has ρ ≈ 1.72×10⁻⁸ ohm-m at 20°C. For aluminum, use ρ ≈ 2.82×10⁻⁸ ohm-m.

Q3: What's the maximum acceptable voltage drop per PEC?
A: PEC generally recommends ≤3% voltage drop for feeders and ≤5% for branch circuits.

Q4: How does temperature affect the calculation?
A: Higher temperatures increase resistivity. For precise calculations, adjust ρ for operating temperature.

Q5: Can I use this for DC circuits?
A: Yes, the formula applies to both AC and DC circuits, though AC calculations may need additional factors.